QSources:     Entangled photons

Entangled photons are a fascinating phenomenon in the realm of quantum mechanics, representing a unique state of light where two or more photons become interconnected in such a way that the state of one photon instantaneously influences the state of the other, regardless of the distance separating them. This non-local correlation is a hallmark of quantum entanglement, a concept that Albert Einstein famously referred to as "spooky action at a distance."

The relevance of entangled photons to quantum communications is profound. They serve as the backbone for various quantum communication protocols, most notably quantum key distribution (QKD). In QKD, entangled photons are used to create secure communication channels that are theoretically immune to eavesdropping. Any attempt to intercept or measure the entangled photons would disturb their state, alerting the communicating parties to the presence of an intruder.

Moreover, entangled photons enable advancements in quantum teleportation, super dense coding, and quantum repeaters, which are essential for long-distance quantum communication.

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